American linguist joshua fishman has defined language planning as the authoritative allocation of resources to the attainment of language. Three such orientations are proposed in this paper languageasproblem, languageasright, and languageasresource. It gives a sense of identity to an individual as well as a social group. View language planning and policy research papers on academia. Goals, objectives and strategies are made to change the way a language is used. Among the topics discussed are the scope of language planning, an ideal language planning program, aims of language planning, types and levels of language planning, the role of. Traditionally, the discourse on language policy in the u. Language planning hereafter lp refers to activities that attempt to bring about. The terms language planning and language policy are frequently used, in both the technical and the popular literature, either interchangeably or in tandem. Form in spoken languages is a sequence of sounds, in written languages for. Presents a classification of 11 language planning functions or goals that academies, committees, and commissions have been engaged in since language planning began several centuries ago or could adopt in the future. How we define language although those who study language may disagree over a precise definition because they dispute some concepts, such as whether or not language must. The planning domain definition language pddl is a formal knowledge representation language designed to express planning models.
Language planning and social change is the first book to define the field of language planning and relate it to other aspects of social planning and to social change. Language planning is an important element of cultural preservation for groups who have been oppressed or see themselves as a cultural minority. Rubin and jernudds definition of language planning is not very. The role of agency in language policy and planning the impetus for overt language planning can be either public or private. Language, as described above, is speciesspecific to human beings. For many languages there are special organisations, that look after the language. Language planning introduction some basic issues a variety of situations some. Document resume ed 233 562 fl 0 652 title note 22p. The language of planning problems the preceding discussion suggests that the representation of planning problemsstates, actions, and goalsshould make it possible for planning algorithms to take advantage of the logical structure of the problem. Court interpreters act of 1978, which provides an interpreter to any victim, witness, or a defendant. Language planning refers to deliberate efforts to influ ence th e behavior of o t hers with respect to the acquisition, s t ructure, or function al allocation of their. However, language can also become a problem and a barrier to communication, which necessitates language planning. The first two currently compete for predominance in the international literature.
Within each of these areas, key articles outlining important recent directions are. It has a particular interest in contributions on relatively largescale language issues and their international implications. The book is accessible and presupposes no special background in linguistics, sociology or political science. Language planning refers to various ways of influencing a language to raise its status and to modify. Language planning and education edinburgh university press. Basic orientations toward language and its role in society influence the nature of language planning efforts in any particular context. Language policy and planning in language education. This chapter has been compiled to provide an overview of the language policing and planning lpp field, particularly for new researchers who would like to pursue their ma or phd. The gaeltacht act 2012 gives statutory effect to the language planning process under which language plans will be prepared at community level in areas which could be recognised under the act as gaeltacht language planning areas, as gaeltacht service towns or as irish language networks. Definition and examples of language planning thoughtco. In schools, the result was an imposition of english language and anglo culture on minorities, which goes back to the deculturation of american indians through the system of englishonly boarding schools. Language is an asset and a primary instrument of human communication.
Among the most common definitions for this term are planning is the process by which an individual. Language planning is defined as deliberate, institutionally organized attempts at affecting linguistic or sociolinguistic status or development of language. Language planning and policy werner kummer with stephan gramley every planned intervention by a subnational, national, or supranational political organization which is directed toward the otherwise unregulated development of a language or any of its varieties can be regarded as an act of language planning and language policy. The r language is a dialect of s which was designed in the 1980s and has been in widespread use in the statistical community since. In many settings, it is widely assumed that the obvious choice is. Language planning when the government chooses a variety as a national or official language, it does language planning. Language planning and policy should be a deterrent factor in preventing the disappearance of indigenous languages in the course of human history. Language planning and policies summary steve nicolle the process of language planning the american linguist einar haugen 1966, 1987 suggested that. On the one hand, it is possible to locate the origins of language policy as a subfield within applied linguistics dating back some 50 years, and coming of age as a discipline unto itself within the last 25 years. The term language planning refers to measures taken by official agencies to influence the use of one or more languages in a speech community. Language planning applied research on english language. Language planning and policy research papers academia. Language planning introduction some basic issues a variety of situations some other voices.
Multilingualism with the influx of research on multilingualism in the 1970s and the birth of contact linguistics as a discipline at the brussels research center on multilingualism in 1977 the intrinsic scope of the concept widened. Decisions about language policies, requirements, and practices have important consequences in all social contexts. However, they actually represent two quite distinct aspects of the systemised language change process. Planning is the process of deciding in detail how to do something before you actually. Other members of the animal kingdom have the ability to communicate, through vocal noises or by other means, but the most important single feature characterizing human language that is, every individual language, against every known mode of animal communication, is its infinite productivity and creativity. Language planning definition, the development of policies or programs designed to direct or change language use, as through the establishment of an official language, the standardization or modernization of a language, or the development or alteration of a writing system. In education, the most important language planning decisions are about the choice of medium of instruction tollefson and tsui, 2004which variety or varieties should be used as the medium or media of instruction. Be prepared to discuss how these language characteristics differ from the language of your classmates dialogues. Introduction purpose of the guide this guide is intended to support first nations communities, governments, schools and language authorities across british columbia in the implementation of language policies and programs that lead to. Let us accept for the moment a preliminary definition of lp see section 4 below for further discussion as the planning. Language problems and language planning john benjamins. Volume 21 2020 volume 20 2019 volume 19 2018 volume 18 2017 volume 17 2016 volume 16 2015 volume 15 2014 volume 14. The recognition of a languages potential entirely depends on the opportunities that it is given. Lplp encourages interdisciplinarity in the study of multilingualism and language policy.
Language planning is a controversial area in sociolinguistics. Planning is the fundamental management function, which involves deciding beforehand, what is to be done, when is it to be done, how it is to be done and who is going to do it. There is controversy about the terminology used, and in a. Planning definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Language planning is the attempt to influence how a language is used. Pdf this paper deals with the problems associated with language planning. The characteristics of language policy and planning. It is an intellectual process which lays down an organisations objectives and develops various courses of action, by which the organisation can achieve those objectives. Language planning is defined as the development of policies or programs designed to direct or change language use, as through the establishment of an official language, the. Language planning refers to deliberate efforts to affect the structure, function, and acquisition of languages. There are several different reasons why it might be necessary. The language planning process the language planning process in the gaeltacht.
Browse the list of issues and latest articles from current issues in language planning. A possible definition of planning planning is the intellectual anticipation of possible future situations, the selection of desirable. Written as an advanced introduction, this book engages. The widest range of conditions can affect language policy. This is usually done to make it possible to use the language for more subjects.
As claried by jahr 1992, lp is usually conducted according to a declared program or a dened set of criteria, and with a deliberate goal by ofcially appointed committees or bodies, by private organizations, or by. Language planning refers to deliberate efforts to influence the behavior of others with respect to the acquisition, structure, or functional allocation of. Planning definition is the act or process of making or carrying out plans. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the.
Language planning is defined as the planning of deliberate changes in the form or use of a language or language variety and viewed as a subdiscipline of sociolinguistics. Language planning definition of language planning at. An introduction to the planning domain definition language. The deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of a language within a speech community. Developed by the planning research community as a means of facilitating systems comparison, it has become a defacto standard input language of many planning systems, although it is not the only modelling language. Language planning refers to various efforts by governments to create policies or plans around issues of language. It begins by describing the origins of the term lp and. For example, in canada, language planning addresses.
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