In fact, some attempts were made to examine the impacts of the civil war on children 21 in general and impacts on their notions and behaviors of conflict and conflict. But two years later, violent conflict broke out after political disagreement between president salva kiir and former vice president riek machar and the fighting continues to this day. In 2011, south sudan gained independence from sudan, marking an end to africas longestrunning civil war. In fact, the situation is even grave when it comes to south sudan where there is little recoded information about. Conflict arises for different reasons and there are different types of conflict in human society. With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only examine the status of the civil war that has engulfed the youngest nation on earth but to also discuss the evolving narratives of its causes and provide policy. The sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile, also referred to by some media as the third sudanese civil war, is an ongoing armed conflict in the sudanese southern states of south kordofan and blue nile between the sudanese army saf and sudan peoples liberation movementnorth splmn, a northern affiliate of the sudan peoples liberation movement. Jonglei is not the only south sudanese state wracked by cattle raids and tribal violence. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service some accounts, the tgnu and the peace agreement on which it was based have collapsed, and reports suggest that both sides may be preparing for a return to fullscale war. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. The crisis in darfur and status of the northsouth peace agreement congressional research service summary sudan, geographically the largest country in africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. Social scientists in sudan and south sudan have also turned their critical attention to colonial administrators,10 development and humanitarian practitioners,11 lobby groups,12 and their own discipline.
The president informed congress that he may take further action to support the security of u. Second, the brief examines the opportunities the recent agreement on the resolution of conflict in the republic of south sudan arciss offers women in the upcoming peacebuilding efforts. Conflict prevention and development cooperation in africa. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the darfur region in western sudan. Conflict and famine in south sudan africa center for. In this article, we synthesize perspectives from anthropology, regional history, and conflict studies to offer an analysis of the interplay between local conflict and state violence in south sudan. The finer details of how it started are unclear and accounts of the violence are often conflicting. Behind this national scene and the description of the civil war as an opposition between the north and the south, local conflict events also multiplied within north and south sudan johnson, 2011. In view of the experiences of eritrea and south sudan, somaliland must be aware that secession is not a.
The current conflict is much more complex and discontent began to stir long before violence erupted in 20. In the context of ongoing conflict, donor governments, including the united states, may. The conflict between the northern and southern sudan has usually been misunderstood, because the historical roots of the conflict have been misrepresented. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. So i could say that there are two main reasons that cause instability in south sudan at the moment. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict eric. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. In south sudan, while economic and climate factors had contributed to the crisis, the main cause was armed conflict. To be sure, two schools of thought have emerged to explore the causes of south sudans conflicts.
Increased humanitarian aid, tackling root causes of. The paper analyses the dynamics of the 20 conflict in south sudan, reflecting on the root causes of the conflict within the ranks of splma the ruling bodyactor in south sudan. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the. South sudan unrest exacerbated by conflict among cattle. The root causes of conflicts in sudan and the making of the darfur tradegy presentation to wilton park conference on. South sudan civil conflict erupted, when elite leadership president mr. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the sudanese governments disregard for the western region and its nonarab population.
The root cause of the current civil war in south sudan, the reason the arciss was abrogated through a coup and the reason peace remains elusive, is due to the political machinations of those in power to prevent dr. Sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile wikipedia. There are three divergent narratives circulating in juba these days that attempt to explain its roots. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only examine the. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Conflict profile, causes, actors and dynamics tethloach ruey doctoral thesis dissertation politics international politics topic. South sudan did not make progress on establishing the. Conflict profile since its independence in 1956, sudan has seen an intermittent civil war. One is the problem of oil and weak institutions and the second one is, what i call, the chaos of liberation.
Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict christa charbonneau kuntzelman, m. The crisis in south sudan congressional research service 2 improve. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. Thousands of people have been killed and millions displaced in south sudan since a civil war erupted in the country in 20. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require. There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. However, the government did not address impunity for widespread conflict related sexual and genderbased violence against south sudanese.
Conflict mapping, ontological security and institutionalised conflict o n 15 and 16 december 20, violence broke out in juba, south sudan, with many thousands killed. Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp. The real reasons behind south sudan crisis al jazeera. Systemic conflict transformation a northern and a southern view. The exploitation of resources, once the source of warfare financing, became a warfare objective in itself ali et al. Candidate depaul university abstract although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly after the reescalation of violence in december of 20, the characterization of the.
The civil war has forced millions to flee their homes an estimated 1. The authorities in lakes state, together with the united nations mission in south sudan, unmiss, have developed an early warning system that maps out conflict hotspots and prioritises threats. Five things you should know about the conflict in south sudan. The foregoing does not suggest that there are no specific causes of conflict. Kate almquist knopf, ending south sudans civil war, council on foreign relations, november 28, 2016. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Local warming and violent conflict in north and south sudan. She later gained her independence in 1956 after a long rule by angloegyptian regimes. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the splma leadership remained in the hands of the former chairman late dr. A year later, the new country of south sudan was created when nearly 99 percent of the. More than 2 million people have died in southern sudan over the past two. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. Riek machar from becoming the president of the republic of south sudan by any means including violence, even if he used peaceful.
Externalists ascribe the countrys crisis to factors beyond their control including. In the midst of poverty, african ruling classes, or the elite group who happen to hold power at a particular time, have enriched themselves and become the targets of envy or of rivalry. South sudan required the international communitys support as the needs still. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. Fighting broke out between the sudan peoples liberation. This chapter delves into the critical question of types and causes of conflict, with the view to addressing the common patterns of most conflicts in human society. South sudans referendum on selfdetermination and subsequent independence in 2011. Two opposite explanations are frequently given for the continuing rift.
In 2010, national elections were held that were generally deemed by international observers to be fraudulent. This thesis analyses causes of the current south sudanese civil war that broke out on 15. September 12, 2018, of the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan, which received tepid acknowledgement from the united states and europe. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december. The role of women in peacebuilding in south sudan south.
A policy workshop in cooperation with the united nations development programme, undp, and the japan international cooperation agency. In response, the government equipped and supported arab. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. The literature on conflict in south sudan published before independence tends to focus on the causes and dynamics of the second civil war 19832005 and post2005 local level conflicts, such as those between communities along the contested. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Republic south sudan after its independence, this young nation became trapped in civil conflict which causes transformed in to dreadful violent. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan south sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. Conflict between 19551976 and 19832005 between the colonially modernised arab north and the underdeveloped christian and animist south brought widespread civilian suffering.
226 565 516 862 705 1526 333 1476 307 1146 1387 264 841 662 213 871 1517 20 82 1135 1281 1387 960 1002 1129 1387 151 872 1341 103